Maintaining the correct tyre pressure is essential for safe driving, fuel efficiency, and prolonging the life of your tyres. Tyre Pressure Monitoring Systems (TPMS) are an invaluable tool that helps drivers keep track of their tyre pressure in real time. In this guide, we’ll explore what TPMS is, how it works, its benefits, and how to ensure it functions correctly.
The monitors work by transmitting data to the dashboard from a pressure sensor in the dust cap that protects each tyre’s valve. A light will appear on the dash which alerts the driver of any possible changes in tyre pressure, such as low pressure or imbalance pressure. In general, the monitoring system has been designed to relay information about adjustments of at least 6-7 psi, or about 20% of the total pressure of the tyre. As you can suspect, just as with any other piece of equipment in your car, the monitoring device would need to be periodically tested and maintained. Replacement may also be needed periodically.
What is a Tyre Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)?
A Tyre Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) is an electronic system designed to monitor the air pressure inside your vehicle’s tyres. It alerts the driver if the pressure in one or more tyres falls below or rises above the recommended level. This technology has become increasingly common in modern vehicles, and in many countries, it is now a legal requirement for new cars.
Why is TPMS Important?
Maintaining the correct tyre pressure is crucial for several reasons:
- Safety: Under-inflated or over-inflated tyres can affect handling, braking, and stability, increasing the risk of accidents.
- Fuel Efficiency: Correctly inflated tyres reduce rolling resistance, which improves fuel economy.
- Tyre Longevity: Properly inflated tyres wear more evenly, extending their lifespan.
- Environmental Impact: By improving fuel efficiency, TPMS helps reduce CO2 emissions.
Types of TPMS
There are two main types of TPMS: direct and indirect. Each operates differently and has its own advantages and limitations.
1. Direct TPMS
Direct TPMS uses sensors located inside each tyre to measure the air pressure. These sensors transmit real-time data to the vehicle’s onboard computer, which displays the information on the dashboard. If the pressure in any tyre falls outside the recommended range, the system triggers a warning light.
Advantages of Direct TPMS:
- Provides accurate, real-time pressure readings for each tyre.
- Can detect gradual pressure loss as well as sudden drops.
- Works even when the vehicle is stationary.
Limitations of Direct TPMS:
- Sensors can be expensive to replace if they fail.
- May require recalibration after tyre rotation or replacement.
2. Indirect TPMS
Indirect TPMS does not measure tyre pressure directly. Instead, it uses the vehicle’s Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) sensors to monitor the rotational speed of each wheel. Under-inflated tyres have a smaller diameter and rotate faster than properly inflated ones. The system detects these differences and alerts the driver if a tyre’s pressure is low.
Advantages of Indirect TPMS:
- Less expensive to install and maintain than direct TPMS.
- No additional sensors are required, as it uses existing ABS hardware.
Limitations of Indirect TPMS:
- Less accurate than direct TPMS.
- Cannot detect pressure loss in all four tyres simultaneously.
- Requires recalibration after adjusting tyre pressure or replacing tyres.
Should You Install A Tyre Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)?
If you have an older motor that hasn’t been equipped as standard with a tyre pressure monitoring system and are considering having one installed, you may be wondering what the advantages of doing so are. There is a good reason for manufacturers to decide to include the equipment in all new builds, which means that, if possible, it is certainly worth fitting one.
The advantages of a system to monitor tyre pressure include:
- Improved safety because properly inflated tyres result in shorter, more reliable distances for braking
- Lower fuel consumption on properly inflated tyres when driving
- Reduced CO2 emissions achieved on properly inflated tyres whilst driving.
- Reduced risk of tears on the surface of tyres
Common TPMS Issues and Solutions
While TPMS is a reliable system, it can occasionally encounter problems. Here are some common issues and how to address them:
- Warning Light Stays On: If the TPMS warning light remains illuminated, check your tyre pressure. If the pressure is correct, the system may need recalibration or the sensors may be faulty.
- Inaccurate Readings: Dirty or damaged sensors can cause inaccurate readings. Clean or replace the sensors as needed.
- System Failure: If the TPMS stops working entirely, it could be due to a dead sensor battery, a faulty control module, or a wiring issue. Consult a professional for diagnosis and repair.
How To Maintain A Tyre Pressure Monitoring System?
If you purchase a new vehicle that has a standard TPMS installed or decide to fit one with your existing vehicle, keep in mind that the systems are now part of the MOT test. As such, a system fault will result in an “advisory” for vehicles manufactured before 2012, while if the warning light is illuminated, a newer vehicle will fail MOT testing.
Your TPMS should be periodically checked and included as part of any service performed on your vehicle. As a general rule of thumb, before valve pressure sensor batteries need to be replaced, the system should last approximately six years or 100k miles. Most vehicle mechanics should be able to install a new sensor that clones existing information or as close as possible if a full replacement is required.
TyrePal Tyre Pressure Monitoring System
The following information has been provided to us by our friends at TyrePal, explaining why your tyre pressure monitoring systems are essential for those towing caravans.
Blowouts are known to be a major factor in insurance claims, especially for caravans – one insurance provider estimates that their claims for road traffic accidents are:
- 33 percent resulted from the blowout of tyres
- The accidents with other road users resulted in 33 percent.
- 14 percent was caused by the loss of wheels
- The detachment of the unit from the tow vehicle at 9 percent
- As a result of a snaking incident, 9%
- Due to unexplained factors, 2%
A TyrePal tyre pressure monitoring system constantly tracks the tyres’ temperature and pressure and alerts you when things go wrong:
- High pressure affects the distance of braking, wear of tyres and road handling.
- Low pressure, which causes excessive fuel consumption and wear of tyres.
- Overheating, which boosts the risk of a blowout or fire
Monitoring your tyre pressures can save money by minimising fuel consumption and tyre wear, apart from giving you notice before a blowout, and it can help minimise CO2 emissions.
All that is needed is for the consumer to replace their tyre dust caps with sensors that wirelessly relay information about pressure and temperature to a cab monitor. With two sensors for a caravan, the cost of a TyrePal device is as low as £ 135.
Conclusion
A Tyre Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) is a valuable feature that enhances safety, saves money, and protects the environment. By understanding how it works and maintaining it properly, you can ensure your tyres are always in optimal condition.
If your vehicle is not equipped with TPMS, consider investing in an aftermarket system or making manual tyre pressure checks a regular part of your routine. Remember, well-maintained tyres are key to safe and efficient driving.
